Breathing for Two: Unraveling the Complex Interplay of Pregnancy and Respiratory Physiology

This review explores the distinctive physiological adjustments taking place in the respiratory system throughout a typical pregnancy. These adaptations encompass modifications in lung function, volume, respiratory resistance, and conductance. Though vital to support both the mother and the fetus, they can also heighten vulnerability to illnesses and exacerbate preexisting conditions. Additionally, the review underlines the complexities related to interpreting laboratory and imaging studies due to these physiological shifts, along with potential risks during nasal and endotracheal intubation. Nevertheless, critical pulmonary parameters, such as static and dynamic compliance, diffusing capacity, and static lung recoil pressure typically remain steady. The review concludes by delving into pathologic disorders and conditions that may manifest during pregnancy, underscoring the significance of monitoring respiratory function and promptly addressing any complications. In summary, this review offers valuable insights into the distinct respiratory transformations observed during pregnancy and their potential consequences for the well-being of both the mother and the fetus.