BOOSTING BEE HEALTH: THE ROLE OF PROBIOTICS, PREBIOTICS, AND POSTBIOTICS

The global decline of bee populations presents a pressing ecological challenge with far-reaching implications for agriculture and biodiversity. In the quest to support bee wellbeing and enhance hive resilience, a growing body of research has explored the potential of probiotics, prebiotics, and postbiotics. This review delves into the multifaceted interactions between these biologically active compounds and bee health. We examine how probiotics promote a balanced gut microbiome in bees, fostering disease resistance and nutrient absorption. Prebiotics, as essential dietary components, are explored for their role in optimizing the nutritional environment within hives and supporting beneficial microbial communities. Additionally, postbiotics, the metabolites of microbial activity, are assessed for their potential to modulate bee health and immune responses. As we explore the emerging field of bee gut microbiota and its intricate connections to overall bee health, this review highlights promising strategies and the current state of knowledge surrounding the use of probiotics, prebiotics, and postbiotics to boost the vitality of these vital pollinators. The implications of these findings for sustainable beekeeping practices and environmental conservation are discussed, offering insights into the development of effective and environmentally friendly bee management strategies.