Opportunities and challenges of nanomaterials in wound healing: Advances, mechanisms, and perspectives

Wound healing is an intricate process that involves interactions between various types of cell and molecular mechanisms. When wounds fail to heal effectively or develop into chronic wounds, they can cause significant pain and discomfort to patients and impose a heavy burden on society. The development of innovative treatment approaches can effectively facilitate the wound healing process, improve patient well-being, and reduce the societal burden. The progress of nanotechnology in the field of biomedical science has brought about vast prospects for its applications in wound healing. This article provides a comprehensive review of the physiological wound healing process and the application of nanomaterials in wound healing and systematically elucidates the mechanisms of nanomaterials at different stages of wound healing. Furthermore, this study highlights the current limitations and deficiencies of using nanomaterials in wound treatment. Considering the present state of utilizing nanomaterials for wound healing purposes, this review proposes new perspectives for future research and provides valuable directions and innovative ideas for researchers in this field.