Dairy products and hypertension: Cross-sectional and prospective associations

Background: The association between dairy intake and prevalence or incidence of hypertension remains controversial. We aimed to investigate the association between intake of different dairy products and prevalence and incidence of hypertension in a community-dwelling sample. Methods: Three cross-sectional studies (2009-12,- 12, 2014-17 and 2018-21)- 21) and one prospective study (2009-12 to 2018-21)- 21) were conducted in Lausanne, Switzerland. Dietary intake was assessed via a validated food frequency questionnaire. Dairy consumption was compared between participants with and without prevalent or incident hypertension. Results: For the cross-sectional analyses, data from 4437 (2009-12,- 12, 54.0% women, 57.7 +/- 10.5 years), 2925 (2014-17,- 17, 53.4% women, 62.5 +/- 10.0 years), and 2144 (2018-21;- 21; 53.3% women, 65.5 +/- 9.6 years) participants were used. No consistent differences between participants with and without hypertension were found for all dairy products (total dairy, milk, yogurt, cheese, low-fat dairy, and full-fat dairy) although participants with hypertension tended to consume less cheese (51 +/- 1 vs. 55 +/- 1, p = 0.014, 52 +/- 1 vs. 56 +/- 1, p = 0.053, and 54 +/- 1 vs. 56 +/- 1 g/day for 2009-12,2014-17- 12,2014-17 and 2018-21,- 21, respectively). For the prospective study, data from 2303 participants (60.8% women, 53.9 +/- 9.0 years) were used. Irrespective of the dairy product considered, no association was found between quartiles of dairy consumption and development of hypertension. Similar findings were obtained after stratifying on dietary quality. Conclusion: In this population-based study, no association was found between the consumption of different dairy products and the prevalence or incidence of hypertension. (c) 2024 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Ltd on behalf of European Society for Clinical Nutrition and Metabolism. This is an open access article under the CC BY license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/ by/4.0/).