Occupational second-hand smoke exposure: A comparative shotgun proteomics study on nasal epithelia from healthy restaurant workers

Non-smokers exposed to second-hand smoke (SHS) present risk of developing tobacco smoke-associated pathologies. To investigate the airway molecular response to SHS exposure that could be used in health risk assessment, comparative shotgun proteomics was performed on nasal epithelium from a group of healthy restaurant workers, non-smokers (never and former) exposed and not exposed to SHS in the workplace. HIF1 alpha- glycolytic targets (GAPDH, TPI) and proteins related to xenobiotic metabolism, cell proliferation and differentiation leading to cancer (ADH1C, TUBB4B, EEF2) showed significant modulation in non-smokers exposed. In never smokers exposed, enrichment of glutathione metabolism pathway and EEF2-regulating protein synthesis in genotoxic response were increased, while in former smokers exposed, proteins (LYZ, ATP1A1, SERPINB3) associated with tissue damage/regeneration, apoptosis inhibition and inflammation that may lead to asthma, COPD or cancer, were upregulated. The identified proteins are potential response and susceptibility/risk biomarkers for SHS exposure.