Semantic Coarse-to-Fine Granularity Learning for Two-Stage Few-Shot Anomaly Detection

Anomaly detection is critical in industrial inspection, where identifying defects significantly impacts product quality and safety. Existing models, primarily based on convolutional neural networks (CNNs), struggle with noise sensitivity and insufficient resolution for fine-grained feature discrimination. To address these issues, we propose a two-stage few-shot anomaly detection network that enhances semantic feature granularity and generalization. The network includes a coarse-grained anomaly detection module, a multi-scale channel attention module, and a fine-grained detection module. The coarse-grained module identifies abnormal regions, serving as the initial filter. The multi-scale channel attention module focuses on anomalous features, enhancing sensitivity to fine-grained characteristics. This step overcomes limitations in discerning subtle yet critical anomalies. The fine-grained detection module refines feature maps, enhancing generalization. Experimental results on the MVTec dataset show an image-level Area under the region of convergence (AUROC) of 92.3% and a pixel-level AUROC of 95.3%, a 1% to 2% improvement over leading FSAD methods.