Spatial and temporal variation in ambient vibratory noise and its impact potential on a common urban arthropod

Recent, rapid arthropod declines have been tied to human activity. Yet, the propensity for human-produced noise to disturb the substrate-borne (vibratory) channel remains virtually untested despite arthropods' ubiquitous use of vibratory information. Characterizing the vibratory landscape at biologically relevant scales is an essential initial step. We aimed to measure vibratory noise across space and time to assess its potential overlap with the urban-rural range and season of a funnel-weaving spider, Agelenopsis pennsylvanica (C.L. Koch) (Araneae: Agelenidae), a common urban arthropod. We assessed 24-h ambient vibrations (hereafter vibratory "noise") at 23 sites across urban-rural Lincoln, Nebraska (NE, USA), during the adult season of A. pennsylvanica (August-October). Vibratory noise (amplitude, Leq) varied by similar to 15 dB across sites overlapping with frequencies within A. pennsylvanica's sensitivity (20-1000 Hz). Urban vibratory noise was positively correlated with the principal component containing estimates of traffic-induced vibrations (e.g., traffic volume, road proximity, and impervious cover), whereas rural noise levels correlated with probable harvest times. Our findings indicate spatial variation in noise in urban areas and seasonal noise variability in rural areas. We also tested how A. pennsylvanica-collected from four distinct noise survey sites-use their vibratory microhabitat. We assessed daily spider position and dry silk mass within a microcosm that played loud and quiet vibrations (white noise differing by similar to 15 dB) in separate but connected chambers. Age affected the chamber choice (hereafter "microhabitat use") of spiders collected from the loudest site, as younger adults associated with and used more silk in the loud chamber, but this effect decreased with age. As our data demonstrate that vibratory noise varies with A. pennsylvanica's microhabitat and season with a high potential for impacting behavior, we hypothesize that this environmental noise likely impacts other arthropods as well.