Comparison of clinical and bacterial profile of odontogenic and non-odontogenic maxillofacial infections

Introduction: Deep carious lesions and their complications are possible causes of odontogenic infections. Although their location and clinical symptoms may mimic non-odontogenic infections, they are characterised by specific features that are helpful in their diagnosis and treatment. It seems worthwhile to create their clinical and microbiological profile. Aim of the research: To compare the clinical and microbiological features of odontogenic and non-odontogenic infections. Material and methods: The study was based on the medical records of 403 patients affected by the diseases. Results and conclusions: There were statistically significant differences in the white blood cell count, the number of accompanying diseases, dysphagia and the occurrence of neck swelling, and the duration of hospitalisation between odontogenic and non-odontogenic infections. We identified the most common pathogens as well as the clinical parameters specific to these infections. Although bacterial distribution was similar in both groups with a predominance of aerobic cocci, non-odontogenic infections were characterised by a relatively high contribution of Staphylococcus aureus and Klebsiella pneumoniae in comparison to odontogenic infections. We also indicated submandibular and peritonsillar spaces as commonly involved fascial spaces in odontogenic and non-odontogenic infections, respectively. Circulatory diseases and connective tissue diseases were identified as a factor predisposing to odontogenic infections. Comorbidities are the most important risk factor for the development of odontogenic infections and their severe course requiring hospitalisation.