The distribution of pressure forces of the foot on the ground during gait in patients with hip osteoarthritis

BACKGROUND: Hip osteoarthritis is a major civilizational challenge of the ageing population, usually due to the reduced function of gait. In the light of this fact, gait analysis has become an important issue for the doctor, the physiotherapist and the patient, as it serves as a useful tool in diagnosis, recovery, and rehabilitation. Pedobarography is one of the most modern gait analysis methods. OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study is to assess the distribution of pressure forces of the foot on the ground during gait in patients with hip osteoarthritis. METHODS: Dynamic foot tests were performed by means of a two-meter RSscan((R)) International platform, equipped with 16.384 sensors with the scanning frequency level exceeding 500 Hz. Patients were divided into two groups: the research group of N = 60 individuals with hip osteoarthritis, aged 52-84; and the control group of N = 32 individuals without hip osteoarthritis, aged 50-74. Data distribution analysis was performed with the Shapiro-Wilk test, followed by a non-parametric Mann-Whitney U test. RESULTS: The differences between the mean results of maximal peak values of pressure and force in such areas as the big toe, metatarsal I, III, IV, V, lateral and medial heel are significantly lower in the research group than in the control group. Only in the area of metatarsal II, the mean value of pressure is higher in the research group than in the control group. For all metatarsals, the midfoot and medial heel mean results of the contact area are significantly higher in the research group than in the control group. The differences between mean load rate were also tested. The test revealed statistical significance of metatarsal II and III, and the medial heel while metatarsal II displayed a higher mean value in the research group than in the control group. CONCLUSION: The distribution of the pressure forces of the foot can indicate imbalances which cause degenerative changes. Therefore, early detection of changes can help in prevention or delay of hip osteoarthritis in conjunction with proper therapy.