A One- Dimensional Convolutional Neural Network for Fast Predictions of the Oil-CO2 Minimum Miscibility Pressure in Unconventional Reservoirs

Miscible carbon dioxide (CO2) injection has proven to be an effective method of recovering oil from unconventional reservoirs. An accurate and efficient procedure to calculate the oil- CO2 minimum miscibility pressure (MMP) is a crucial subroutine in the successful design of a miscible CO2 injection. However, current numerical methods for the unconventional MMP prediction are very demanding in terms of time and computational costs which result in long runtime with a reservoir simulator. This work proposes to employ a one- dimensional convolutional neural network (1D CNN) to accelerate the unconventional MMP determination process. Over 1,200 unconventional MMP data points are generated using the multiple- mixing- cell (MMC) method coupled with capillarity and confinement effects for training purposes. The data set is first standardized and then processed with principal component analysis (PCA) to avoid overfitting. The performance of the proposed model is evaluated with testing data. By applying the trained model, the unconventional MMP results are almost instantly produced and a coefficient of determination of 0.9862 is achieved with the testing data. Notably, 98.58% of predicting data points lie within 5% absolute relative error. This work demonstrates that the prediction of unconventional MMP can be significantly accelerated, compared with the numerical simulations, by the proposed well- trained deep learning model with a slight impact on the accuracy.