Evaluating the effect of functionally graded materials on bone remodeling around dental implants

Objectives: This study evaluates the potential for osseointegration and remodeling of customized dental implants made from Titanium-Hydroxyapatite Functionally Graded Material (Ti-HAP FGM) with optimized geometry, using the finite element method (FEM). Methods: The study utilized CT scan images to model and assemble various geometrical designs of dental implants in a mandibular slice. The mechanical properties of Ti-HAP FGMs were computed by varying volume fractions (VF) of hydroxyapatite (0 - 20%), and a bone remodeling algorithm was used to evaluate the biomechanical characteristics of the ultimate bone configuration in the peri-implant tissue. Results: The findings of the FEA reveal that osseointegration improves with changes in the density and mechanical properties of the bone surrounding Ti-HAP implants, which are influenced by the varying VF of hydroxyapatite in the FGM. Significance: Increasing the hydroxyapatite fraction improves osseointegration, and appropriate length and diameter selection of Ti-HAP dental implants contribute to their stability and longevity.