Basic Income, Full Employment, and Social Provisioning: Some Polanyian/Keynesian Insights

The purpose of this article is to offer a Polanyian perspective on the issue of guaranteed income (GI). In analyzing the debate over the Speenhamland system, especially as Karl Polanyi ([1944] 2001) describes it in The Great Transformation, he offered an important criticism of a GI program that some contemporary Polanyian economists have been struggling to come to terms with in their writings. Instead of defending a GI policy by seeking to reject Polanyi's analysis of the problem, I suggest that we should consider embracing Polanyi's concern by proposing a comprehensive twin policy that would complement a basic income program with a Keynesian full employment commitment.