Deep and hand-crafted features based on Weierstrass elliptic function for MRI brain tumor classification

Advances in medical imaging and artificial intelligence have led to improvements in diagnosis and non-invasive patient examination accuracy. The use of the fundamental method for Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) brain scans as a screening tool has increased in recent years. Numerous studies have proposed a variety of feature extraction methods to classify the abnormal growths in MRI scans. Recently, the MRI texture analysis and the use of deep features have resulted in remarkable performance improvements in the classification and diagnosis of challenging pathologies, like brain tumors. This study proposes employing a handcrafted model based on Weierstrass elliptic function (WEF) and deep feature based on DenseNet-201 to classify brain tumors in MRI images. By calculating the energy of each individual pixel, the Weierstrass coefficients of the WEF are used to capture high frequency image details of the brain image. The WEF mode works to extract the nonlinear patterns in MRI images based on the probability of each pixel. While the dense connectivity of DenseNet-201's architecture allows to learn features at multiple scales and abstraction levels. These features are passed to support vector machines classifier, which classifies the brain tumor. The results of classification accuracy achieved is 98.55% for combined features of WEF with trained DenseNet-201. Findings on the brain tumor segmentation dataset indicated that the proposed method performed better than alternative techniques for classifying brain tumors.