Knowledge, attitudes, and practices regarding cancer screening and primary prevention among ethnic minorities in mainland China: A literature review

Objective: Cancer screening and primary prevention are effective strategies for addressing the burden of cancer. However, cancer health disparity exists in accessing cancer screening services among ethnic minorities in mainland China. Exploring knowledge, attitudes, and practices regarding cancer screening and primary prevention is an effective way to understand minority groups' participation in these activities and the barriers to their participation. However, no review has summarized the relevant evidence. This study explored the evidence on cancer screening and primary prevention among ethnic minorities in mainland China, including their knowledge (knowledge level and awareness rate), attitudes (positive/negative attitudes, beliefs, and perceptions), and practices (uptake and participation rate). Methods: Five online databases (MEDLINE, EMBASE, PubMed, China National Knowledge Infrastructure [CNKI], and Wanfang Data) were searched to identify literature. Data on knowledge, attitudes, and practices regarding cancer screening and primary prevention among ethnic minority groups and the influential factors were extracted and summarized. Results: Twelve articles on studies with a total of 36,464 participants were included. Most of the studies focused only on breast and cervical cancer, women, and Uyghurs. The ethnic minority groups in the reviewed studies had a low level of knowledge about cancer screening and primary prevention and insufficient practices (cancer screening and primary prevention service uptake rate < 40.0%) but moderate to highly positive attitudes. Conclusions: This review revealed the insufficient knowledge and practices of cancer screening and primary prevention among ethnic minority groups in mainland China, whose members hold generally positive attitudes toward screening. More evidence pertaining to diverse ethnic minority groups and other cancer types is needed.