High-Performance Wave Union Time-to-Digital Converter Implementation Based on Routing Path Delays of FPGA

被引:1
|
作者
Siecha, Roza Teklehaimanot [1 ,2 ,3 ]
Alemu, Getachew [2 ]
Prinzie, Jeffrey [3 ]
Leroux, Paul [3 ]
机构
[1] Addis Ababa Sci & Technol Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, POB 16417, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
[2] Addis Ababa Univ, Addis Ababa Inst Technol, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Addis Ababa 1178, Ethiopia
[3] Katholieke Univ Leuven, Fac Engn Technol, Dept Elect Engn, B-3000 Leuven, Belgium
关键词
wave union; time-to-digital converter (TDC); field-programmable gate arrays (FPGAs); delay elements; TDC;
D O I
10.3390/electronics13122359
中图分类号
TP [自动化技术、计算机技术];
学科分类号
0812 ;
摘要
Time-to-digital converters (TDCs) with superior performance are in high demand in application domains like light detection and ranging (LIDAR), nuclear physics, and time interval counters. One of the interesting architectures for field-programmable gate array (FPGA)-based TDCs is the tapped delay line (TDL) approach with carry chains as delay elements. However, the resolution of TDL-TDCs is limited, and linearity is weakened by the ultra-wide bins that correspond to the FPGA's long routing wires crossing into another clock area. This paper presents wave union TDC using FPGA internal routing wires as delay elements to subdivide ultra-wide bins. The Zynq Evaluation and Development (ZED) board is used to implement and test the wave union types: A (WU-A) and B (WU-B) TDCs. According to experimental data, the WU-A TDC based on an 8 x 128 matrix of counters has a resolution of 5.7 ps, an integral nonlinearity (INL) of 1.1170 LSB (RMS), and a differential nonlinearity of 0.329 LSB (RMS). WU-A TDC improves DNL and INL by 19% and 57%, respectively, over ordinary TDC. The WU-B TDC uses an average of sixteen different time measurements, resulting in an effective resolution of up to 0.356 ps, a DNL of 0.60 LSB (RMS), and an INL of 1.04 LSB (RMS). These characteristics make the TDC suitable for time-of-flight applications such as LIDAR and for other general-purpose scientific instruments.
引用
收藏
页数:15
相关论文
共 50 条
  • [31] Implementation Issues of a High-Performance Multi-Channel Time-to-Digital Converter in Xilinx 20-nm UltraScale FPGAs
    Lusardi, N.
    Garzetti, F.
    De Marco, R.
    Geraci, A.
    2018 IEEE NUCLEAR SCIENCE SYMPOSIUM AND MEDICAL IMAGING CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS (NSS/MIC), 2018,
  • [32] FPGA-Based High-Performance Time-to-Digital Converters by Utilizing Multi-Channels Looped Carry Chains
    Cui, Ke
    Liu, Zongkai
    Zhu, Rihong
    Li, Xiangyu
    2017 INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON FIELD PROGRAMMABLE TECHNOLOGY (ICFPT), 2017, : 223 - 226
  • [33] A high resolution Time-to-Digital Converter on FPGA for Time-Correlated Single Photon Counting
    Yuan, Qiuchen
    Zhang, Bowei
    Wu, Jerry
    Zaghloul, Mona E.
    2012 IEEE 55TH INTERNATIONAL MIDWEST SYMPOSIUM ON CIRCUITS AND SYSTEMS (MWSCAS), 2012, : 900 - 903
  • [34] High resolution heterodyne interferometer based on time-to-digital converter
    Wang Fei
    Long Zhangcai
    Zhang Bin
    Zhao Meirong
    REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS, 2012, 83 (04):
  • [35] A New FPGA Implementation of a Time-to-Digital Converter Supporting Run-Time Estimation of Operating Condition Variation
    Van Luan Dinh
    Xuan Truong Nguyen
    Lee, Hyuk-Jae
    2018 IEEE INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON CIRCUITS AND SYSTEMS (ISCAS), 2018,
  • [36] Implementation of a FPGA-Based Time-to-Digital Converter Utilizing Opposite-Transition Propagation and Virtual Bin Method
    Lee, Daehee
    Kwon, Sun Il
    IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON RADIATION AND PLASMA MEDICAL SCIENCES, 2025, 9 (02) : 148 - 156
  • [37] An FPGA based 33-channel, 72 ps LSB time-to-digital converter
    Prasad, K. Hari
    Chandratre, V. B.
    Sukhwani, Menka
    NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION A-ACCELERATORS SPECTROMETERS DETECTORS AND ASSOCIATED EQUIPMENT, 2022, 1027
  • [38] High resolution time-to-digital converter using low resources FPGA for time-of-flight measurement
    Ramzy, Safwat M.
    Hares, Khadiga
    MICROELECTRONICS JOURNAL, 2020, 101
  • [39] Implementation of High-Resolution Time-to-Digital Converters on two different FPGA devices
    Cicalese, R.
    Aloisio, A.
    Branchini, P.
    Giordano, R.
    Izzo, V.
    Loffredo, S.
    ASTROPARTICLE, PARTICLE AND SPACE PHYSICS, DETECTORS AND MEDICAL PHYSICS APPLICATIONS, 2008, 4 : 50 - +
  • [40] Design and FPGA implementation of a multirate ΔΣ time-to-digital converter with third-order noise-shaping
    Khaki, Ahmad Mouri Zadeh
    Farshidi, Ebrahim
    Asl, Karim Ansari
    MICROELECTRONICS JOURNAL, 2021, 108