The Status of Asthma in the United States

Introduction Asthma imposes a substantial health and economic burden on patients and their families and on the health care system. An assessment of the status of asthma in the US may lead to effective strategies to improve health and quality of life among people with asthma. The objective of our study was to assess the historical trends and current state of asthma illness and death among children and adults in the US. Methods We assessed asthma-related emergency department visits and hospitalizations among children and adults by using data from the 2010-2021 National Health Interview Survey (NHIS), the 2010-2020 Nationwide Emergency Department Sample (NEDS), the National (Nationwide) Inpatient Sample (NIS), the Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project (HCUP), and the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ). Asthma death rates were calculated by using 2010-2021 National Vital Statistics System data. Results Asthma prevalence increased significantly among adults from 2013 through 2021 ( P = .04 for the annual percentage change [APC] slope) and decreased among children from 2010 through 2021 ( P values for slopes: 2010-2017, P = .03; 2017-2021, P = .03). Prevalence of current asthma was higher among nonHispanic Black people (children, 12.5%; adjusted prevalence ratio [APR] = 2.19; 95% CI, 1.68-2.84 and adults, 10.6%; APR = 1.25; 95% CI, 1.09-1.43) compared with non-Hispanic White people (children, 5.7%; adults, 8.2%). Prevalence of asthma attacks and use of asthma-related health care declined among adults and children. Asthma prevalence and asthma-related emergency department visits, hospitalization, and death rates differed by select characteristics. Conclusions Although asthma attacks, ED visits, hospitalizations, and deaths have declined since 2010 among all ages, current asthma prevalence declined only among children, and significant disparities in health and health care use still exist.