Seismic response of braced excavation wall supporting deep sand layer using dynamic centrifuge tests

This paper presents the dynamic centrifuge model tests to investigate the seismic performance of a 24.8 m deep braced diaphragm wall supporting dry sand backfill soil at 40 g level acceleration. The model tests aim to determine the acceleration response of the backfill, seismic earth pressures acting on the wall, and the dynamic increment of the structure's inner force for sand backfills with different relative densities. Particularly, the horizontal seismic coefficient, earth pressure distribution, and dynamic thrust are analyzed in detail. Based on the experimental results, the dynamic thrust development is consistent for peak ground accelerations at bedrock less than 0.12 g and 0.10 g for relavitve densities of 78 % and 54 %, respectively. However, the dynamic thrust starts to increase when the bedrock acceleration exceeds this threshold. Moreover, the varying trend of dynamic thrusts under ground input motion employed during at the initial excitation differs from that of the succeeding input motions, likely due to the changes in relative density caused by backfill disturbance from sequential excitation. The increasing rate of increase on the dynamic thrusts among Northridge, Kobe, and artificial excitations was changed with the amplitude of the acceleration response. Lastly, the wall bending moment and strut axial force increase by up to 97.3 % and 12.9 % of the maximum value of member force on the at-rest condition due to earthquake loading.