Digital twin technology for enhanced smart grid performance: integrating sustainability, security, and efficiency

This research paper presents the development and analysis of a multifaceted smart grid prototype. It combines various technologies for the smart grid operation. The first technology is environmental analysis of smart grid and solar panel cleaning. Secondly, radio-frequency identification (RFID)-based security and access control system has been integrated for smart grid. The third component is internet of things (IoT)-based energy monitoring and load management. For environmental analysis sensors such as temperature, humidity, light-dependent resistor, and flame sensors are connected to a NodeMCU controller for real time monitoring. Moreover, IoT based solar cleaning system is developed in the form of prototype with the help of Blynk and servo motor. The second component of prototype is smart security system which is developed with the help of Arduino and RFID module to facilitate secure access control. The third part of prototype employs voltage and current sensors with an ESP32 microcontroller and the Blynk application for real-time energy consumption analysis. This setup enables remote monitoring of voltage, power dynamics, and consumption patterns in a smart grid. It also offers an IoT based solution for load management and load shedding within the smart grid. The complete prototype overall demonstrates a comprehensive approach to 1) smart grid management, 2) environmental analysis, 3) security, and 4) energy monitoring.