Feasibility and acceptability of a telehealth intervention for improving peer relationships for adolescents with neurofibromatosis type 1: a single-arm pilot study

Objective Elevated rates of social difficulties are evident for children and adolescents with neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1) but the effects of social skills interventions have not been investigated for this population. The Program for the Education and Enrichment of Relational Skills (PEERS (R)), a widely established social skills intervention in autism spectrum disorders with expansion to other conditions, was recently modified to be offered virtually. This study examined the feasibility and acceptability of this telehealth intervention.Methods 27 adolescents with NF1 with social skills difficulties and at least 1 caregiver enrolled in the study. 19 of those participants (Mage = 14.21 years, SD = 1.63; 7 females; 79% White) completed PEERS (R) via telehealth in a single-arm pilot study. Dropout rates, attendance records, helpfulness of the curriculum topics and caregiver-reported acceptability, including ratings on the Treatment Acceptability Questionnaire, were examined.Results Low study drop out (30% of enrolled participants; 14% of participants who began the intervention) and high attendance rates were observed. Caregivers found sessions related to common, everyday interactions most helpful. Adolescents indicated sessions related to having get-togethers and social nuances (e.g., humor) as most helpful. Caregiver ratings indicated acceptability of the intervention.Conclusions This investigation supported the feasibility and acceptability of telehealth PEERS (R), a social skills intervention program, among adolescents with NF1 and their caregivers based on attendance patterns as well as appraisal of the curriculum and telehealth modality.