Extended-spectrum beta-lactamases in clinical isolates of Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae recovered from patients at the Tamale Teaching Hospital, Ghana

Introduction Extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL)-producing Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae are pathogens of significant public health interest for which new antibiotics are urgently needed. Aim To determine the prevalence of ESBLs in E. coli and K. pneumoniae isolates from patients attending the Tamale Teaching Hospital (TTH) in Ghana. Methodology The study was a cross-sectional study involving convenience sampling of E. coli and K. pneumoniae isolates from consenting patients' clinical specimens, between April and June 2015. Antimicrobial susceptibility test was performed, and ESBL-producer phenotypes were further screened for Bla(TEM), Bla(SHV), and Bla(CTX-M) genes. Patients' clinical data were additionally collected using a structured questionnaire. Results Of the 150 non-duplicate E. coli and K. pneumoniae isolates identified, 140 were confirmed as E. coli (84%, n = 117) and K. pneumoniae (16%, n = 23). Of these, sixty-two (44%) [E. coli (84%; n = 52); K. pneumoniae (16%; n = 10)] phenotypically expressed ESBLs. The proportion of ESBL-producing isolates was higher in adults (15-65 years) than in neonates (< 28 days) (p = 0.14). Most of the isolates showed a high percentage resistance to ampicillin (96%) and tetracycline (89%), but a relatively lower resistance to amikacin (36%). No isolate was resistant to meropenem. More ESBL producers were multidrug resistant compared to non-ESBL-producers [23% (14/62) versus 18% (14/78); p = 0.573]. Overall, 74% (n = 46) of the ESBL genotypes expressed Bla(CTX-M-1) genes, followed by 63% (n = 39) Bla(TEM), and 16% (n = 10) Bla(SHV). The study showed a high prevalence of ESBL-positive E. coli and K. pneumoniae, mostly CTX-M-1 producers at TTH. Conclusion Routine laboratory ESBL screening is warranted to inform patient management.