Coke behavior with H2O in a hydrogen-enriched blast furnace: A review

Hydrogen-enriched blast furnace ironmaking has become an essential route to reduce CO2 emissions in the ironmaking process. However, hydrogen-enriched reduction produces large amounts of H2O, which places new demands on coke quality in a blast furnace. In a hydrogen-rich blast furnace, the presence of H2O promotes the solution loss reaction. This result improves the reactivity of coke, which is 20%-30% higher in a pure H2O atmosphere than in a pure CO2 atmosphere. The activation energy range is 110-300 kJ/mol between coke and CO2 and 80-170 kJ/mol between coke and H2O. CO2 and H2O are shown to have different effects on coke degradation mechanisms. This review provides a comprehensive overview of the effect of H2O on the structure and properties of coke. By exploring the interactions between H2O and coke, several unresolved issues in the field requiring further research were identified. This review aims to provide valuable insights into coke behavior in hydrogen-rich environments and promote the further development of hydrogen-rich blast furnace ironmaking processes.