Measurement of diamine oxidase (DAO) during low-histamine or ordinary diet in patients with histamine intolerance

Background/Objectives Quantification of diamine oxidase (DAO) concentrations in serum has been proposed as an adjunctive diagnostic modality for the evaluation of histamine intolerance (HIT). Limited empirical data exist concerning the influence of dietary patterns on DAO levels.Subjects/Methods In the context of a prospective study employing a crossover design, 18 individuals diagnosed with HIT were randomized to initiate either a low histamine diet (LHD) or a conventional mixed diet (MXD). Serum DAO concentrations were measured at the commencement of the study and following each dietary phase. A control group underwent analogous DAO assessments without imposition of dietary constraints.Results During the time when a diet restricted in histamine was implemented, noticeable differences in changes in DAO levels did not become apparent when compared to the changes observed during the mixed (MXD) phase. Specifically, among the group, 10 of the 18 patients exhibited elevated DAO values subsequent to the LHD regimen, while the remaining eight displayed either reduced or unchanging DAO levels. The prevalence of elevated DAO levels in the LHD group did not differ significantly from that observed in the control group during the MXD phase. Additionally, during the LHD phase, patients reported a significant reduction in gastrointestinal and cutaneous symptoms.Conclusions This prospective investigation underscores the enduring utility of a histamine-restricted diet, coupled with structured dietary reintroduction, as an efficacious diagnostic approach for individuals presenting with suspected food-related histamine hypersensitivity. Notably, the measurement of DAO levels appears to furnish only a limited capacity to discern dietary-induced fluctuations. Notwithstanding, the dynamics of DAO alteration do not appear to exhibit a discernible association with specific dietary patterns, a finding consistent across both patient and control groups.