A critical review on transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs): An efficiency booster for perovskite solar cells

Since the last decade, perovskite solar cells (PSCs) have shown exemplary growth in terms of power conversion efficiency (PCE) and device performance. The wide ranges of structural modification are possible in perovskite material-based photovoltaic technologies, which possess a rich set of new findings in this field. Nowadays, the incorporation of two-dimensional (2D) transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs) materials in PSCs is highly recommended and demonstrates extraordinary properties. TMDs are the new range of 2D materials that take up the roles of electron transport layer (ETL), hole transport layer(HTL), buffer layer, and interfacial layer in PSCs. TMDs are imitating the role of a commander in bringing the 2D materials to the forefront for the race of future generation photovoltaic devices. The PCE of several PSCs with the combination of TMDs has shown in the 20-25% range. The present review article investigated the role of various 2D TMDs hybrid materials in PSCs. An outline of recent progress in the synthesis, growth, and characterization of TMDs materials is presented. In addition, the technological advancement of PSCs in association with TMDs materials is discussed. Finally, challenges linked with the incorporation of TMDs in PSCs and future outlook assessing undiscovered research areas are also advised.