Optimization of solar-air source heat pump heating system with phase change heat storage

The optimization of heating system has always been of much concern, among which the annual life cycle cost (ALCC) was widely used as an optimization method, while the non-guaranteed hours were often overlooked. This study proposed the elasticity-economy (E-E) objective function as an optimizing indicator, and demonstrated it taking a solar assisted heat pump heating system with phase change material (SC-ASHP-PCM) as an example. Firstly, the single variation impact was analyzed. After optimizing the thermal performance of sub-systems, the proportion of heat supplied by solar collector (SC) and phase change material (PCM) sub-systems increased by 5.4 % and 3.4 %, respectively. Subsequently, the Hooke-Jeeves algorithm was developed to optimize multifactors, hence minimizing the E-E objective function. The optimal solution was achieved when the nonguaranteed rate was 5 % and the penalty factor was 150 CNY/h. Compared with the baseline situation, the system energy consumption (156.8 x 10(3) kW.h) was reduced by 30 %, and the E-E objective function was reduced by 24 %. Furthermore, the minimum operating cost was 18.3 CNY/m(2), saving up to 46 % compared to traditional heating systems. The method is generalized to obtain the optimal energy saving potential under different non-guaranteed hours, which provides guidance for the heating systems' design and operation.