Spatial distribution of black carbon emissions in China

Based on the official statistics,locally measured emission factors,and the vehicular emission factor model most suitable for China,we developed a black carbon(BC)emission inventory for 2008 in China and at a spatial resolution of 0.5°×0.5°.In 2008,the total BC emissions in China were 1604.94 Gg.Industry and the residential sector were the dominant contributors,estimated at 695.03Gg and 636.02 Gg of BC,respectively.Together,these two source types contributed 82.9% of the total emissions.Emissions from transportation were 194.63 Gg,accounting for 12.1% of the total.Since emission contributions from different sectors showed significant spatial diversity among the 31 administrative districts,we divided the districts into four categories:industry contribution district,residential contribution district,industry and residential contribution district,and transportation contribution district.As for energy consumption,coal and biofuel contributed 51.0% and 32.2%,respectively,of the total emissions.Spatially,BC emissions in China were unevenly distributed,higher in the east and lower in the west,corresponding to regional economic development and rural population density.High emission districts,covering 5.7% of the territory,contributed 41.2% of the total emissions.Shanxi,Hebei,Shandong,Henan,and Sichuan were the largest contributors to national BC emissions.