DIFFERENTIAL FORAGING OF OXPECKERS ON IMPALA IN COMPARISON WITH SYMPATRIC ANTELOPE SPECIES

被引:39
|
作者
HART, BL [1 ]
HART, LA [1 ]
MOORING, MS [1 ]
机构
[1] UNIV NAIROBI,DEPT ANIM PHYSIOL,NAIROBI,KENYA
关键词
antelope; Impala; infestation; oxpecker; parasites; ticks;
D O I
10.1111/j.1365-2028.1990.tb01157.x
中图分类号
Q14 [生态学(生物生态学)];
学科分类号
071012 ; 0713 ;
摘要
Regression analysis performed on published observations of oxpeckers foraging for ticks on different species of ungulates revealed a significant positive relationship between number of red‐billed oxpeckers per unit body surface area and species‐typical body weight. The relationship suggests that the larger ungulate species maintain a higher density of tick mass per unit surface area. The impala is the smallest ungulate that oxpeckers are reported to attend. A field survey of attendance by red‐billed oxpeckers on impala and four other sympatric antelope (Thompson's gazelle, Grant's gazelle, Coke's hartebeest and topi), two of which are larger than impala, revealed that only impala were attended by oxpeckers. Oxpeckers foraged upon areas of the body that impala cannot reach with their own mouths by oral grooming. The typical behavioural response of impala to oxpecker foraging was toleration or accommodation. These observations suggest that impala harbour a greater tick mass per unit body surface area than the other antelopes compared. This could reflect the fact that impala inhabit wooded areas, reportedly higher in tick density than grassland areas inhabited by the other antelopes. Une analyse de régression exécutée à partir d'observations publiées de pique‐boeufs cherchant les tiques sur différentes espèces d'ongulés a révélé une relation positivement significative entre les nombres de pique‐boeufs à bec rouge par unité de surface corporelle et le poids corporel de l'espèce. La relation siuggère que les plus grandes espèces d'ongulés abritent une plus haute densité de tiques par unité de surface. L'impala est le plus petit ongulé sur lequel on ait rapporté les 'services' des pique‐boeufs. Une étude de terrain sur la présence de pique‐boeufs à bec rouge sur l'impala et 4 autres antilopes sympatriques (gazelle de Thompson, gazelle de Grant, bubale de Coke et topi), dont 2 sont plus grandes que l'impala, montre que seul l'impala était assisté par les pique‐boeufs. Ceux‐ci se nourrissent à des endroits du corps que l'impala ne peut atteindre de sa propre bouche en grooming oral. Le comportement réponse typique de l'impala à la présence des pique‐boeufs est fait de tolérance et d'acceptation. Ces observations suggèrent que l'impala abrite une plus grande densité de tiques par unité de surface corporelle que les autres antilopes de l'étude. Ceci peut refléter le fait que l'impala habite des zones boisées, bien connues pour abriter une plus grande densité de tiques que les zones herbeuses fréquentées par les autres antilopes. Copyright © 1990, Wiley Blackwell. All rights reserved
引用
收藏
页码:240 / 249
页数:10
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