Determining Turkish migration to Austria The role of migration policy

Migration from Turkey to Austria started as labour migration and has diversified over time. National and transnational factors have shaped migration policy and the migration process over the last fifty years. In different phases, the government has used a mix of instruments to control migration flows. In this paper I analyse the role of those factors which worked against restrictive tendencies on the national level and discuss the relevance of transnational factors such as the Association Agreement with Turkey and European Union directives, migrant networks and dynamics in the emigrant state in explaining migration outcomes.