Management of pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors

Pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors (pNETs) are rare tumors that have a better prognosis than their exocrine counterpart, but frequently present with advanced disease. Management of pNETs has evolved considerably over the past decade. Surgical resection remains the only potentially curative option for patients with pNETs. Patients who have locoregionally advanced and/or metastatic pNETs require additional treatments. These include liver-directed (transarterial (chemo)-embolization, selective intraarterial radio therapy) and systemic therapies (somatostatin analogs, targeted therapy such as tyrosine-kinase inhibitors and mammalian target of rapamycin inhibitor, peptide receptor radionuclide therapy and cytotoxic chemotherapy). The aim of this article is to review the current treatment options as well as potential future therapeutic perspectives for patients with pNETs.