TRADITIONAL DOMESTIC PAINTING IN POLAND AND WESTERN SIBERIA IN THE XIX-XX CENTURIES

This article is devoted to comparative analysis of domestic traditional painting of Poland and one of the varieties of Uralian-Siberian folk art in Altai, that existed among the old believers of the steppe and mountain Altai, Eastern Kazakhstan. The considered time period is the 19-20 centuries. The transformation of the original cultural traditions brought by migrants to Siberia touched such a form of folk painting as household interior painting, the study of which is an interesting and relevant problem. The purpose of the work is to identify similar elements in the Polish and Altai paintings and the factors that influenced the development of this field of folk art. This work contains, first of all, of the materials collected during the internship in Torun (Poland) in October, 2017. They include pictures taken during the excursions to the museum of ethnography of Torun, and a Skantsen (the open-air museum in Serpts). The material from the library of the University of N. Copernicus (Torun), that contains the collection of books on ethnography of Poland (some copies are dated the beginning of the 19th century) became a big contribution. The Internet resources of the historical and ethnographic museums of Poland were actively used. The materials concerning household painting of Old Believers of Altai are collected also from the websites of the ethnographic museums of the cities of Barnaul, Gornoaltaysk (the village of Uymon) and from the publications submitted in the Scientific Library of TSU. During the research, the author came to the following results and conclusions. In traditional painting of the population of Poland and Altai three main motives have been revealed, they relate to so-called, archetypical images. These are 1) solar symbols; 2) a tree of life (vegetation); 3) a vessel (vase or bottle). The important aspects are their functional purpose in an interior, the symbolical significance, that the artist or the owner put into these drawings made on walls either inside or outside a dwelling or on some domestic items. The factor which has influenced not only formation, but development of household painting in Poland and Western Siberia (Altai, in particular) between the 19th and the 20th centuries is the population reaction to cultural and economic changes caused by the industrialization. On the one hand we have prestige of life in the cities, fashion for a "city" way of life and urban, "status" elements of life, on the other hand items of national life, country style, folk crafts become fashionable. It is connected with national history and development of national consciousness.