GENERIC REVISION OF THE ANT SUBFAMILY DOLICHODERINAE (HYMENOPTERA, FORMICIDAE)

In this study, the ant subfamily Dolichoderinae is revised at the generic level. Material from all geographic regions and representing all described genera (except fossils) is examined. Genera are diagnosed and described utilizing approximately 180 internal and external morphological characters drawn from workers, queens, males and larvae. Keys are presented for workers, queens and males, and distribution data is summarized for all genera. A total of 22 extant genera are recognized as valid. Proposed changes include the description of one new genus and the synonymy of seven previously valid names. The proposed generic-level classification of the Dolichoderinae is as follows: Anillidris Santschi, Anonychomyrma Donisthorpe, Axinidris Weber, Azteca Forel, Bothriomyrmex Emery [=Chronoxenus Santschi (syn. nov.)], Doleromyrma Forel, Dolichoderus Lund, (=Acanthoclinea Wheeler, =Diceratoclinea Wheeler, =Hypoclinea Mayr, =Karawajewella Donisthorpe, =Monacis Roger, =Monoceratoclinea Wheeler), Dorymyrmex Mayr [=Ammomyrma Santschi, =Araucomyrmex Gallardo, =Biconomyrma Kusnezov, =Conomyrma Forel (syn. nov.), =Psammomyrma Forel, =Spinomyrma Kusnezov], Ecphorella Forel, Forelius Emery [=Amyrmex Kusnezov (syn. nov.), =Neoforelius Kusnezov (syn. nov)], Froggattella Forel, Iridomyrmex Mayr, Leptomyrmex Mayr, Linepithema Mayr, Liometopum Mayr [= Ctenobethylus Brues (syn. nov.)], Loweriella (gen. nov.), Ochetellus Shattuck, Papyrius Shattuck, Philidris Shattuck, Tapinoma Forster [=Micromyrma Dufour, =Neoclystopsenella Kurian, =Semonius, Forel (syn. nov.), =Tapinoptera Santschi, =Zatapinoma Wheeler (syn. nov.)], Technomyrmex Mayr [=Engramma Forel (syn. nov.), =Aphantolepis Wheeler], Turneria Forel. In addition to the generic-level changes, numerous species-level changes are also made with in the subfamily. These include the transfer of Bothriomyrmex pallidus to Acropyga; 61 new or revised combinations in Dolichoderus involving taxa previously placed in Hypoclinea, Iridomyrmex and Monacis; the replacement of the preoccupied name Dolichoderus gibbosus (F. Smith) with D. quadridenticulatus(Roger); 42 new or revised combinations in Dorymyrmex involving taxa previously placed in Araucomyrmex and Conomyrma; 3 new combinations in Forelius involving taxa previously placed in Amyrmex, Neoforelius and Iridomyrmex; the transfer of Camponotus flavitarsus (F. Smith) to Leptomyrmex, the transfer of Ctenobethylus succinalis Brues to Liometopum; the original description of Loweriella boltoni, 5 new combinations in Tapinoma involving species previously placed in Semonius and Zatapinoma; the objective synonymy of Tapinoma canalis Wheeler under T. panamense Wheeler, together with lectotype designations for both; the synonymy of Tapinoma dimmocki (Wheeler) under Tapinoma sessile (Say) and a lectotype designation for the former; and finally, 24 new or revised combinations in Technomyrmex involving taxa previously placed in Engramma, Iridomyrmex and Tapinoma.