A LIGHTWEIGHT FIREWORK SEARCH PROTOCOL FOR LOCATION-AIDED ROUTING ENHANCEMENT IN MOBILE AD-HOC NETWORKS

In this paper, we propose a lightweight firework search protocol for location aided routing enhancement (FLARE) in mobile ad-hoc networks. The protocol uses a firework search framework to manage node mobility and can adapt to highly dynamic network topologies. In the framework, nodes follow the distributed differential relay to forward a request to an estimated destination location when it needs to repair a broken route. If the destination has moved away from the estimated location, a node near the location initiates a firework search to find the destination. In addition, to maintain occupied locations, we present an advanced reactive location service with destination-oriented location update and location estimation mechanisms. The service is more efficient than existing location services because it incurs a much lower overhead. FLARE can also resolve challenging issues, such as dead ends and routing around holes in geographic routing. Theoretic analyses show that FLARE is highly scalable with respect to node mobility, traffic generation rates, and network size because of the improved location service. Moreover, the results of simulations demonstrate that FLARE is more efficient, yields a higher packet delivery ratio and incurs a much lower routing overhead than AODV, DSR, and GPSR+HLS.