Pharmacokinetic Properties of Single- and Multiple-Dose Pitavastatin Calcium Tablets in Healthy Chinese Volunteers

Background: Pitavastatin is a newly developed 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase inhibitor approved for the treatment of hyperlipidemia. Pharmacokinetic properties of pitavastatin have been studied previously. Objective: To investigate the pharmacokinetic properties of pitavastatin in healthy Chinese volunteers after single-dose and multiple-dose administration. Methods: An open-label, randomized, single-dose and multiple-dose study was conducted in healthy Chinese volunteers. The study included 4 stages, each separated with a 5-day washout period. A randomized, 3-way crossover design was carried out in Stages 1 to 3 for the single-dose study. Eligible subjects were randomized to receive a single 1 mg, 2 mg, or 4 mg pitavastatin calcium tablet. Blood samples were obtained preclose and up to 36 hours following dosing. In Stage 4 the subjects received a 2-mg pitavastatin calcium tablet once daily for 6 days. At the last day of multiple dosing, blood samples were collected predose and up to 48 hours following dosing. Plasma pitavastatin was quantified by a validated liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry method. Tolerability was assessed by the adverse events, physical examination, 12-lead ECG, and laboratory tests. Results: Twelve volunteers (6 male and 6 female) were enrolled in the study and 11 of them completed all 4 study stages. Following a single close of 1 mg, 2 mg, and 4 mg, the mean (SD) T-max values were 0.63 (0.17) hours, 0.65 (0.17) hours, and 079 (0.36) hours, respectively; the corresponding C-max values were 66.80 (16.32) ng/mL, mace (31.59) ng/mL, and 232.91 (66.42) ng/mL, respectively. AUC(0-36) values were 190.04 (38.97) ng/mL/h, 307.87 (57.94) ng/mL/h, and 785.10 (166.08) ng/mL/h, respectively, whereas t(1/2) values were 10.99 (2.70) hours, 9.52 (2.58) hours, and 10.38 (4.28) hours, respectively. The AUC and C-max showed dose proportionality after single dosing according to linear-regression analysis. In the multiple-dose study, a rapid absorption (T-max of 0.68 [020] hours) and marked peak concentration of 90.99 (36.88) ng/mL were observed. AUC(0-48) and AUC(ss) were 306.28 (130.02) ng/mL/h and 256.16 (116.34) ng/mL/h, respectively. The elimination half-life after multiple dosing was significantly prolonged, which amounted to 1331 (2.58) hours. Comparison of the pharmacokinetic parameters between the male and female groups revealed no significant differences. Conclusions: In healthy Chinese volunteers, single dosing of 1 mg, 2 mg, and 4 mg pitavastatin resulted in linear plasma pharmacokinetic properties. Compared with single dosing, multiple dosing of pitavastatin showed different distribution and elimination characteristics. Sex did not appear to affect the pharmacokinetic properties of pitavastatin. (C) 2015. The Authors. Published by Elsevier Inc.