The Role of Adipokines in Hypertension and Cardiovascular Disease

The prevalence of overweight (currently defined as body mass index (BMI) > 25 kg/m(2)) and obesity (BMI > 30 kg/m(2)) is rapidly increasing and has been associated with increased morbidity and mortality. Obesity is associated strongly with insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes, which are major risk factors for hypertension and cardiovascular disease. Recent evidence has emerged that adipocytes function as highly active endocrine cells and secrete a wide range of inflammatory and vaso-active agents. These include leptin and adiponectin which appear to display a range of effects on the cardiovascular system, particularly in vitro. A better understanding of the roles for these and other adiopcyte derived agents in cardiovascular disease pathogenesis may lead to the development of better prevention strategies and novel therapies.