The present review deals with methods of preparation, structure and properties of monolayers on the surface of a liquid and Langmuir-Blodgett films (LBF) of amphiphilic monomers. Consideration is given to the effect of the chemical composition and structure of monomers, preparation of organized assemblies and polyreaction performing conditions on structural and morphological transformations in monolayers and in LBF. Examples of practical applications of LBF are given.