Genotoxic effect of flonicamid and etofenprox on mice

Flonicamid and etofenprox are two novel insecticides used in agriculture to protect the food and commercial products against the insect's pests. The study aimed to evaluate the genetic risk of the flonicamid and etofenprox on mice's genome as a monitor for detection the toxicity, mutagenicity and carcinogenic influence that human and livestock exposed. RAPD markers, DNA fragmentation and comet assay were used as molecular genetic tools for genotoxic evaluation of the two insecticides. The experimental animals divided into three groups. The first and second groups divided into three subgroups of animals which were treated with different doses of each insecticide. The third group was the control groups. The results of the RAPD markers revealed that the high dose of flonicamid caused degraded in the DNA and severe genome damaged while etofenprox low dose was the most genetically safe on the genomes of the treated mice groups. The quantitation of DNA fragmentation and comet assay results showed that the two insecticides caused DNA damage in all treated groups compared to the control groups. Etofenprox low dose recorded the less percentage of DNA fragmentation compared to the other doses of flonicamid and etofenprox. The obtained results of the different molecular tools used to evaluate the genotoxic effect of flonicamid and etofenprox insecticides revealed that the two insecticides caused DNA damage and apoptosis which could be reflected as disorders in the biological functions of the body and/or serious diseases disorders according to the damaged level.