USE OF VACCINES IN EXOTIC ANIMALS

Vaccines are used to control the main infectious diseases of animals confined in zoos or wildlife sanctuaries. Most of these vaccines are not approved for wild animal species and therefore their use is extra-label. There is a need to collect more data on the use of vaccines in various species and to develop new guidelines to ensure the safe and effective use of these vaccines. Also, there is a need to develop methods to improve the administration of vaccines, especially in free-ranging wildlife.