Attractive interactions between negatively charged surfaces in biological systems

In the paper, it is shown that different biological particles, such as proteins with internal charge distribution may contribute to the attraction between negatively charged surfaces. We modelled such particles as thin rods or spheres. Monte Carlo simulation and theoretical models based on modified Poisson-Boltzmann equation predicted that the rod-like particles are less effective in mediating of the attractive interactions between the like-charged surfaces than the spherical particles. As a contribution to the fundamental theoretical research, the results of the paper could help in better understanding of the micro- and nanovesiculation processes. The theoretical background of the paper could also contribute to improve the orthopaedic and dental implant materials.