An Examination of Hand-held Computer-assisted Instruction on Subtraction Skills for Second Grade Students with Learning and Behavioral Disabilities

The effect of a mathematic flashcard application on a hand-held computing device was examined across three individual second grade students with learning and behavioral disabilities. All of the students improved their subtraction scores by an average of 17% as measured by the district-created, curriculum-based assessment. The results of this study suggest that practice on a mobile computing device with a mathematic flashcard application can improve subtraction skills in second grade students with disabilities.