THE CONSEQUENCES OF GENDER STEREOTYPES FOR WOMEN CANDIDATES AT DIFFERENT LEVELS AND TYPES OF OFFICE

Despite the recent electoral success of female candiates in local, state, and national elections, we find that voters' gender stereotypes have potentially negative implications for women candidates, especially when running for national office. We test the political impact of stereotypes by examining the relative importance of typical ''male'' and ''female'' personality traits and areas of issue competence for ''good'' politicians and a hypothetical candidate at different types and levels of office. Overall, we find a preference for ''male'' characteristics at higher levels of office. We attempt to reconcile the existence of gender stereotypes, which portray women candidates as insufficiently aggressive or less competent in their dealings with the military with the recent electoral success of women in national and statewide elections.