Growth and development of children and young people with diabetes mellitus type 1

Diabetes mellitus is a metabolic syndrome characterized by hyperglycemia with alteration in the metabolism of carbohydrates, proteins and fats, caused by deficiencies in the production or use of insulin. It's the most frequent endocrine-metabolic disease present in childhood and adolescence. Type 1 diabetes is a chronic condition due to the destruction of the beta cells of Langerhans islets in the endocrine pancreas by autoimmune disease or unknown cause. The overall and cranium facial growth and development of the individual are influenced by different factors that act interrelated. Health professionals should monitor the evolution of the child with diabetes 1 especially during puberty. It is probable to find differences in growth and development among young people with effective or poor glycemic control, especially if the disease is of prepubertal onset and if it is or not diagnosed in an early stage. Diabetes mellitus type 1 may affect the dental health of children and adolescents with possible consequences in adulthood.