PROBLEM-SOLVING IN RESEARCH-AND-DEVELOPMENT

The vast majority of R&D scientists and engineers are very adept at solving simple and moderately complex problems. However, only a few can solve the extremely tough, very complex problems consistently. This paper examines some of the characteristics of, and techniques used by, those researchers who deal effectively with this most difficult class of problems. In summary, these expert problem-solvers (1) break the problem down into pieces yet can still think about the whole system, (2) use the Scientific Method or a similar disciplined problem-solving methodology to gain understanding, (3) look for clues or comparisons that allow them to gain understanding, (4) often break away from the equipment or process they are trying to make work and design very specific experiments aimed at answering a very specific question, (5) seek help from a variety of experts in specialized areas, and finally (6) have a unique ability to leap beyond the current state in structuring a solution to the problem. Management plays a major role in helping people develop from good problem-solvers into people who are able to solve the toughest of problems by encouraging continuous skill development and, sometimes, taking the role of teacher of younger scientists and engineers.