Advanced Endometrial Carcinoma with Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome

Introduction Endometrial cancer is the most common cancer in Europe and North America and the second most common gynecological malignancy world wide according to WHO. It is a disease of postmenopausal women. The disease is rare in young women. However, patients with anovulatory polycystic ovarian syndrome are at risk of developing endometrial carcinoma. The disease may be advanced when diagnosed, thereby depriving the woman of the option for fertility-sparing conservative approach. Case report A case of endometrial cancer in 34-year-old Asian female, treated at Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Alexandria University, Egypt (2012), is presented. This case highlights the need for endometrial sampling in young women with anovulatory cycles so that hyperplasia can be diagnosed and treated before frank invasion. Progesterone conservative therapy is an alternative in women with a strong desire for fertility, who have been explained the risks and given fully informed consent. This case report highlights the fact that endometrial cancer may be very advanced at diagnosis, even at young age. In such cases, fertility preservation attempts would not only fail, but there would be disease progression.