Pneumatology of the Council of Trent and of the Second Vatican Council

The Holy Spirit is actively present in the Catholic Church and in the world and continues Jesus Christ's work of redemption in close connection with him. In the Creed the article on the Holy Spirit has an important position, it comes immediately after the article on Jesus Christ and before the article on the Church as the most important place of the action of the Spirit. Deep wounds within the Church have led to the summoning of the councils, which are the work of the Holy Spirit, and the popes summoning them have been supposed to discern the signs of the times in the strength of the Spirit. Unfortunately, the popes in the Renaissance period were not sufficiently open to the action of the Holy Spirit, which was one of the reasons of Protestant Reformation. The response to it was the Council of Trent, the work of the Holy Spirit, which responded to the situation in concrete historical circumstances and gave guidelines. The most important fruit of the Council of Trent was the Roman Catechism or the Catechism of the Council of Trent. Its view of the Church was that of a pyramidal structure, running from the apex to the base, which, however, was altered by the Second Vatican Council. While in the past the thought of the Holy Spirit was kept more in the background, the 20th century saw an "explosion" of the Holy Spirit. The results all point to the Inspirer. Charismas are being re-evaluated, the Church is opening to the world, but not at the expense of conformism, which is emphasized by the expression "aggiornamento". The Catechism of the Catholic Church as the visible result of the Council is intended for everyone persisting in love since it remains loyal to the foundation, to the Creed, and is marked by the presence of the Holy Spirit.