Evaluation of Collaborative Medication Reviews for High-Risk Older Adults

Background: Despite the widespread use of medication reviews, many older adults are still exposed to the risks of polypharmacy. Objectives: To quantify and describe the drug therapy problems identified and interventions undertaken by pharmacists before and after implementation (on July 1, 2015) of collaborative medication review for high-risk older adult patients (> 80 years of age). Methods: A retrospective single-centre pre-post cohort study was conducted between July 1, 2014, and July 31, 2016, to characterize the impact of collaborative medication reviews-consisting of a thorough medication review by a pharmacist and care conferences with the hospitalist and family physician-on prescribing patterns in an Acute Care for Elders unit. A standardized template was used to conduct medication reviews for the post-implementation group, whereas a chart review was conducted for the pre-implementation group. The primary outcomes were the number of drug therapy problems identified by the clinical pharmacists and the associated interventions by the pharmacists, which were categorized as clinical or compliance interventions. Secondary outcomes included the number of medications at discharge, the rate of hospital readmission within 30 days, and the length of hospital stay. Results: A total of 137 patients were identified for inclusion in either the pre-implementation group (n = 70) or the post-implementation group (n = 67). After implementation of collaborative medication reviews, there were statistically significant increases in the mean number of drug therapy problems identified (p < 0.001), the mean number of interventions undertaken (p = 0.004), and the median length of hospital stay (p < 0.001). There was no difference between the 2 groups in the number of medications at discharge, the proportion of patients taking more than 5 medications at discharge, or readmission within 30 days. Conclusion: At the study institution, implementation of a quality improvement program that included pharmacist-led medication reviews and collaborative care conferences involving community and hospital care providers helped to improve documentation by clinical pharmacists of potential medication-related problems and led to more interventions to optimize patients' medication regimens.