Evaluation of Thermal Comfort in Indoor Stadiums of the Athens 2004 Olympic Games with CFD Models: Case of Nikea Indoor Stadium

Computational fluid dynamics (CFD) models were used to evaluate thermal comfort levels of indoor stadiums, including the Nikea Indoor Stadium (NIS) of the Athens 2004 Olympic Games. Researcher conducted a study to investigate the effect of the angle of the wall jets and the temperature of the incoming air on the level of thermal comfort inside the stadium. Four types of calculations were performed to measure the effect of the angle of the wall jets and temperature on the level of thermal comfort inside the stadium. The stadium was modeled with a normal occupancy of 5,191 persons, including existing furniture, supply-exhaust devices, and approximated dimensions were developed, to simulate the real environment. The supply and exhaust boundary conditions were specified to summer conditions. The airflow rates and the temperature of the air supply diffusers and jets were set equal to their actual values.