Occurrence and Risk of Organophosphate Flame Retardants in Multiple Urban Water of Beijing, China

Investigating the organophosphate flame retardants (OPFRs) concentration and attenuation in multiple water of Beijing would provide valuable insight into OPFR management and reduction; thus, 6 OPFRs were determined by solid phase extraction-high performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry to explore the pollution characteristics, and ecological risk of OPFRs. The results showed that 5 OPFRs were detected with a concentration ranging from ND to 394.77 ng/L except for tris(2,3-dibromopropyl) phosphate (TDBP). The chloroalkyl phosphate was the main compound and tris(chloropropyl) phosphate (TCPP) was the most abundant OPFRs with the highest concentration. The concentration of aryl-OPFRs in surface water and groundwater was much lower than that of chlorinated ones, and the concentration of chlorinated OPFRs in surface water was higher than that in groundwater. The treatment effect of chlorinated OPFRs including TCPP, TCEP, and TDCPP in STPs was negative. Ecological risk assessment showed that low risk of OPFRs for the organisms (algae, crustacean, and fish).