Assessment of tissue pathology using optical polarimetry

Optical polarimetry have been extensively used for the non-invasive assessment of biological tissues. However, the knowledge regarding differences in polarimetric signatures of different tissue pathologies is very scattered, confounding the deduction of a global trend of the polarimetric variables for healthy and pathological tissues. The purpose of this study was to bridge this gap. We conducted a rigorous online survey to collect all published studies that report the two most common polarimetric variables (i.e., depolarization and retardance) for any type of tissue pathology. A total of 101 studies describing the polarimetric assessment of tissues were collected, wherein 253 (i.e., nhuman = 149, nanimal = 104) different type of tissues were optically characterized. Most tissue samples (172/253) were investigated in ex vivo settings. The data showed 32 different types of tissues pathologies, where the most common pathology was cancer and its subtypes. The skin tissues were the most frequently explored tissues, followed by tissue samples from breast, colon, liver, and cervix. Although differences in polarimetric signatures of different tissue pathologies were summarized from the included studies, generalization of the results was hindered by the presentation of polarimetric data in a non-uniform format. The analyses presented in this study may provide an important reference for future polarimetric studies that conduct optical assessment of tissues at greater depth, particularly in the context of optical biopsy/digital staining.