Chronic constipation: definition, diagnostics and treatment

Chronic constipation is a frequent problem characterized by difficulty in evacuation and/or irregular passage of stool. It is more frequent among older people and women than young and male patients. It should not be considered as an independent disease entity but as a symptom of an underlying pathological condition. Various factors are involved in the pathogenesis of chronic constipation ranging from genetic predisposition, personal behavior and socioeconomic status to intestinal motility and absorption as well as biological and pharmacological aspects. The diagnosis is based on the patient history and clinical examination and when necessary supplemented by laboratory investigations, endoscopic and/or radiological examinations. The aim of this article is to update the knowledge on this topic regarding the origin and development of chronic constipation as well as to describe the diagnostic possibilities and the best treatment methods available.