Epidemiology of the idiopathic inflammatory myopathies

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作者
Thomas Khoo
James B. Lilleker
Bernard Yu-Hor Thong
Valérie Leclair
Janine A. Lamb
Hector Chinoy
机构
[1] The University of Manchester,Division of Musculoskeletal and Dermatological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health
[2] The University of Adelaide,School of Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences
[3] Salford Royal Hospital,Department of Rheumatology
[4] Northern Care Alliance NHS Foundation Trust,Manchester Centre for Clinical Neuroscience, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Salford Royal Hospital
[5] Manchester Academic Health Science Centre,Department of Rheumatology
[6] Northern Care Alliance NHS Foundation Trust,Department of Medicine, Division of Rheumatology
[7] Allergy and Immunology,Epidemiology and Public Health Group, School of Health Sciences
[8] Tan Tock Seng Hospital,undefined
[9] McGill University,undefined
[10] The University of Manchester,undefined
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摘要
The idiopathic inflammatory myopathies (IIMs) are a heterogeneous group of systemic autoimmune diseases that affect the skeletal muscles and can also involve the skin, joints, lungs and heart. The epidemiology of IIM is obscured by changing classification criteria and the inherent shortcomings of case identification using healthcare record diagnostic coding. The incidence of IIM is estimated to range from 0.2 to 2 per 100,000 person-years, with prevalence from 2 to 25 per 100,000 people. Although the effects of age and gender on incidence are known, there is only sparse understanding of ethnic differences, particularly in indigenous populations. The incidence of IIM has reportedly increased in the twenty-first century, but whether this is a genuine increase is not yet known. Understanding of the genetic risk factors for different IIM subtypes has advanced considerably. Infections, medications, malignancy and geography are also commonly identified risk factors. Potentially, the COVID-19 pandemic has altered IIM incidence, although evidence of this occurrence is limited to case reports and small case series. Consideration of the current understanding of the epidemiology of IIM can highlight important areas of interest for future research into these rare diseases.
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页码:695 / 712
页数:17
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