Intravenous immunoglobulins improve skin fibrosis in experimental models of systemic sclerosis

Systemic sclerosis (SSc) is the most severe systemic autoimmune disease with currently no cure. Intravenous immunoglobulins (IVIg) are an attractive candidate in this disease to counteract inflammation and fibrosis but data are scarce and conflicting. This study, assessed the effects of IVIg in a murine HOCl-induced model of SSc. We showed that IVIg prevented skin inflammation and fibrosis, by mitigating the immune cell infiltration (p = 0.04), proinflammatory cytokines gene overexpression (IL1β, p = 0.04; TNFα, p = 0.04; IL6, p = 0.05), skin and dermal thickening (p = 0.003 at d21 and p = 0.0003 at d42), the expression markers of fibrosis, such as αSMA (p = 0.031 for mRNA and p = 0.05 for protein), collagen (p = 0.05 for mRNA and p = 0.04 for protein, p = 0.05 for the hydroxyproline content) and fibronectin (p = 0.033 for mRNA). Moreover, IVIg prevented HOCl-induced alterations in splenic cell homeostasis. When administered in curative mode, despite their ability to reduce skin and dermal thickness (p < 0.0001 and p = 0.0002), IVIg showed partial or more mixed effects on skin inflammation and established fibrosis. These data favor further clinical trials in SSc patients on the potential efficiency of early and/or repeated IVIg administration.